Ibyuma bya fibre bishimangira beto (SFRC) nubwoko bushya bwibikoresho bishobora gusukwa no guterwa wongeyeho urugero rukwiye rwa fibre ngufi muri beto isanzwe. Yateye imbere byihuse mu gihugu no hanze yarwo mumyaka yashize. Iratsinda ibitagenda neza byingufu nke, kurambura ntoya hamwe nuduce duto twa beto. Ifite ibintu byiza cyane nkimbaraga zikaze, kurwanya kunama, kurwanya inkweto, kurwanya imishwaro, kurwanya umunaniro no gukomera. Byakoreshejwe mubikorwa bya hydraulic, umuhanda nikiraro, ubwubatsi nizindi nzego zubwubatsi.

 

一．Gutezimbere ibyuma bya fibre bishimangira beto

 

Fibre ikozwe neza (FRC) ni impfunyapfunyo ya fibre fer. Mubisanzwe ni sima igizwe na sima igizwe na sima paste, minisiteri cyangwa beto na fibre fibre, fibre organic organique cyangwa fibre organic fibre ibikoresho. Nibikoresho bishya byubatswe byakozwe mugukwirakwiza kimwe fibre ngufi kandi nziza ifite imbaraga zingana cyane, kuramba cyane hamwe no kurwanya alkali nyinshi muri materique ya beto. Fibre muri beto irashobora kugabanya kubyara ibice hakiri kare muri beto no kurushaho kwaguka kumenwa hifashishijwe imbaraga ziva hanze, gutsinda neza inenge zavutse nkimbaraga nkeya, gucika byoroshye hamwe no kunanirwa kunanirwa na beto, kandi bigatezimbere cyane imikorere yo kudacogora, kutirinda amazi, kurwanya ubukonje no kurinda ingufu za beto. Fibre ishimangira beto, cyane cyane ibyuma bya fibre fer ya beto, yakwegereye cyane mubyiciro byamasomo nubuhanga mubikorwa byubwubatsi bufatika kubera imikorere yayo myiza. 1907 Impuguke y'Abasoviyeti B P. Hekpocab yatangiye gukoresha ibyuma bya fibre fer; Mu 1910, HF Porter yasohoye raporo y’ubushakashatsi kuri fibre ngufi ya fer ya beto, yerekana ko fibre ngufi zigomba gukwirakwizwa muri beto kugirango zishimangire ibikoresho bya matrix; Mu 1911, Graham wo muri Amerika yongeyeho fibre fibre muri beto isanzwe kugirango yongere imbaraga n’umutekano wa beto; Kugeza mu myaka ya za 40, Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, Ubuyapani n’ibindi bihugu byari bimaze gukora ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku bijyanye no gukoresha fibre y’icyuma mu rwego rwo kunoza imyanda no guhangana na beto, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibyuma bya fibre, no kunoza imiterere ya fibre fibre kugirango itezimbere imbaraga zihuza fibre na matrix ya beto; Mu 1963, JP romualdi na GB Batson basohoye urupapuro rwerekana uburyo bwo guteza imbere ibyuma bya fibre bifunze beto, maze batanga umwanzuro w'uko imbaraga zo gucamo ibyuma bya fibre fer zishimangirwa n’ikigereranyo cyo hagati ya fibre zifite uruhare runini. mu guhangayika cyane (fibre spacing theory), bityo ugatangira intambwe ifatika yiterambere ryibi bikoresho bishya. Kugeza ubu, hamwe no kumenyekanisha no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyuma bya fibre ibyuma bishimangira, bitewe no gukwirakwiza fibre zitandukanye muri beto, hari ubwoko bune: fibre fibre fonction beto, fibre fibre fibre fer beto, fibre fibre fibre fer beto na fibre fibre fibre beto.

 

二.Gushimangira uburyo bwa fibre fibre ikomeza beto

 

1.Inyigisho zubukanishi. Igitekerezo cyubukanishi bushingiye ku nyigisho ya fibre ikomeza kandi igahuzwa no gukwirakwiza ibiranga fibre muri beto. Muri iyi nyigisho, ibihimbano bifatwa nkibice bibiri bigize fibre nkicyiciro kimwe na matrix nkikindi cyiciro.

 

Igitekerezo cyo gutandukanya fibre. Igitekerezo cyo gutandukanya fibre, kizwi kandi nk'igitekerezo cyo kurwanya imvururu, gitangwa hashingiwe ku buhanga bwo kuvunika umurongo. Iyi nyigisho ivuga ko ingaruka zo gushimangira fibre zifitanye isano gusa no gukwirakwiza fibre imwe (intera ntoya).

 

三．Isesengura kumiterere yiterambere rya fibre fibre ikozwe neza

 

1.Ibyuma bya fibre bishimangira beto.Ibyuma bya fibre bishimangira ibyuma ni ubwoko bumwe busa kandi buringaniza ibyerekezo byinshi bikozwe muburyo bwo kongeramo umubare muto wibyuma bike bya karubone, ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe na fibre ya FRP muri beto isanzwe. Ingano yo kuvanga fibre yibyuma muri rusange ni 1% ~ 2% mubunini, mugihe 70 ~ 100kg fibre yicyuma ivangwa muri metero kibe ya beto kuburemere. Uburebure bwa fibre fibre igomba kuba 25 ~ 60mm, diameter igomba kuba 0,25 ~ 1.25mm, naho igipimo cyiza cyuburebure na diameter kigomba kuba 50 ~ 700. Ugereranije na beto isanzwe, ntishobora kunoza gusa uburakari, kogosha, kunama , kwambara no kumeneka birwanya, ariko kandi byongera cyane gukomera kuvunika no kurwanya ingaruka za beto, kandi bigatezimbere cyane kurwanya umunaniro nigihe kirekire cyimiterere, cyane cyane ubukana bushobora kwiyongera inshuro 10 ~ 20. Imiterere yubukorikori bwa fibre fibre fer ya beto na beto isanzwe igereranwa mubushinwa. Iyo ibikubiye muri fibre fibre ari 15% ~ 20% naho igipimo cya sima cyamazi ni 0.45, imbaraga za tensile ziyongera 50% ~ 70%, imbaraga za flexural ziyongera 120% ~ 180%, imbaraga zingaruka ziyongera 10 ~ 20 inshuro, ingaruka umunaniro imbaraga ziyongera inshuro 15 ~ 20, ubukana bwa flexural bwiyongera inshuro 14 ~ 20, kandi kwihanganira kwambara nabyo byateye imbere cyane. Kubwibyo, ibyuma bya fibre ibyuma bishimangira bifite imiterere myiza yumubiri nubukanishi kuruta beto isanzwe.

2.Hibrid fibre beto. Ubushakashatsi bujyanye n’ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko fibre fibre idateza imbere cyane imbaraga zo kwikuramo beto, cyangwa no kuyigabanya; Ugereranije na beto isanzwe, hariho ibyiza nibibi (kwiyongera no kugabanuka) cyangwa ndetse no hagati yigihe kijyanye no kudacika intege, kwambara birwanya, ingaruka no kwambara birwanya fibre fibre ibyuma bishimangira no gukumira kugabanuka kwa plastike hakiri kare. Byongeye kandi, ibyuma bya fibre fer ya beto ifite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, nka dosiye nini, igiciro kinini, ingese kandi hafi yo kutarwanya guturika biterwa numuriro, byagize ingaruka kumikoreshereze yabyo muburyo butandukanye. Mu myaka yashize, bamwe mu bahanga bo mu gihugu ndetse n’abanyamahanga batangiye kwita kuri fibre fibre fibre (HFRC), bagerageza kuvanga fibre nibintu bitandukanye nibyiza, bigira kuri buriwese, kandi bigakina "ingaruka nziza ya Hybrid" mubyiciro bitandukanye kandi gupakira ibyiciro kugirango uzamure ibintu bitandukanye bya beto, kugirango uhuze ibikenewe byimishinga itandukanye. Nyamara, kubijyanye nimiterere yacyo itandukanye, cyane cyane ihindagurika ryumunaniro no kwangirika kw umunaniro, amategeko yiterambere ryiterambere no kwangiza ibiranga imitwaro ihagaze kandi ihindagurika hamwe na amplitude ihoraho cyangwa ihindagurika rya amplitude cyclicique, uburyo bwiza bwo kuvanga no kuvanga igipimo cya fibre, umubano hagati yibigize ibikoresho byinshi, gushimangira ingaruka no gushimangira uburyo, imikorere yo kurwanya umunaniro, uburyo bwo kunanirwa hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryubwubatsi, Ibibazo byo kuvanga ibipimo bigomba gukenerwa kurushaho kwigwa.

3.Icyuma gishyizwe hamwe nicyuma gishimangira beto.Monolithic fibre fonction beto ntabwo yoroshye kuvanga neza, fibre iroroshye guhuriza hamwe, ingano ya fibre nini, kandi igiciro ni kinini, ibyo bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yagutse. Binyuze mu mubare munini wubuhanga bwubushakashatsi nubushakashatsi bujyanye nubushakashatsi, hashyizweho ubwoko bushya bwimiterere ya fibre fibre, fibre fibre fonction beto (LSFRC). Umubare muto wibyuma bya fibre bigabanijwe neza hejuru hejuru no hepfo yicyapa cyumuhanda, kandi hagati haracyari beto isanzwe. Ibyuma bya fibre muri LSFRC mubisanzwe bikwirakwizwa nintoki cyangwa muburyo bwa mashini. Ibyuma bya fibre ni birebire, kandi uburebure bwa diameter buringaniye buri hagati ya 70 ~ 120, byerekana ikwirakwizwa ryibice bibiri. Tutagize ingaruka ku miterere yubukanishi, ibi bikoresho ntibigabanya cyane ubwinshi bwibyuma bya fibre, ariko kandi birinda ibintu byo guhuza fibre muguhuza fibre fibre fonctionnement beto. Mubyongeyeho, umwanya wa fibre fibre igaragara muri beto igira ingaruka zikomeye kumbaraga zoroshye za beto. Ingaruka zo gushimangira ibyuma bya fibre fibre hepfo ya beto nibyiza. Hamwe numwanya wibyuma bya fibre igenda hejuru, ingaruka zo gushimangira zigabanuka cyane. Imbaraga zihindagurika za LSFRC zirenze 35% kurenza izisanzwe zisanzwe zifite igipimo kimwe cyo kuvanga, kikaba kiri munsi gato ugereranije nicyuma cya fibre fibre fer fer. Ariko, LSFRC irashobora kuzigama ibintu byinshi, kandi ntakibazo cyo kuvanga bigoye. Kubwibyo, LSFRC nigikoresho gishya gifite inyungu nziza mubukungu nubukungu hamwe nicyerekezo kinini cyo gusaba, gikwiye kumenyekana no gukoreshwa mubwubatsi bwa kaburimbo.

 

4.Hybrid fibre fibre.Layeri ya Hybrid fibre fer ya beto (LHFRC) nibikoresho bigize byakozwe mugushyiramo fibre 0.1% ya polypropilene hashingiwe kuri LSFRC ndetse no gukwirakwiza umubare munini wa fibre nziza kandi ngufi ya polypropilene ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ndende ndende cyane mubyuma byo hejuru no hepfo fibre beto na beto isanzwe murwego rwo hagati. Irashobora gutsinda intege nke za LSFRC hagati ya beto isanzwe kandi ikarinda ingaruka zishobora guhungabanya umutekano nyuma ya fibre yo hejuru yubusa. LHFRC irashobora kongera imbaraga zingirakamaro za beto. Ugereranije na beto isanzwe, imbaraga za flexural ya beto isanzwe yiyongereyeho 20%, kandi ugereranije na LSFRC, imbaraga zayo ziyongera kuri 2,6%, ariko ntabwo bigira ingaruka nke kuri modulike ya elastique ya beto. Modulus ya flexural elastique ya LHFRC iri hejuru ya 1,3% ugereranije na beto isanzwe na 0.3% munsi ya LSFRC. LHFRC irashobora kandi kuzamura cyane ubukana bwimikorere ya beto, kandi igipimo cyayo cyo gukomera cyikubye inshuro 8 icy'icyuma gisanzwe na 1,3 cya LSFRC. Byongeye kandi, kubera imikorere itandukanye ya fibre ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi muri LHFRC muri beto, ukurikije ibikenerwa mu buhanga, ingaruka nziza ya Hybrid ya fibre synthique na fibre fibre muri beto irashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere cyane guhindagurika, kuramba, gukomera, gukomera. , imbaraga zingirakamaro nimbaraga zingirakamaro yibikoresho, kuzamura ubwiza bwibintu no kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho.

——Ibisobanuro (Ubwubatsi bwa Shanxi, Vol. 38, No 11, Chen Huiqing)