Beto ikoreshwa mu byuma (SFRC) ni ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho bivanze bishobora gusukwa no gusukwa hakoreshejwe ingano ikwiye y'icyuma gifunze muri beto isanzwe. Yateye imbere vuba mu gihugu no mu mahanga mu myaka ya vuba aha. Itsinda intege nke zo gukomera guke, uburebure buto bw'inyuma n'ubushobozi bwo kwangirika bwa beto. Ifite imiterere myiza nko gukomera guke, gukomera, kudacika, kudacika, kudacika, kudacika intege no gukomera cyane. Yakoreshejwe mu buhanga bwa hydraulic, imihanda n'ibiraro, ubwubatsi n'izindi nzego z'ubuhanga.
1. Guteza imbere sima ikoreshwa mu byuma bikonjesha fibre
Beto ikungahaye kuri fibre (FRC) ni ncamake ya beto ikungahaye kuri fibre. Ubusanzwe ni ikintu gikozwe muri sima kigizwe na sima, sima cyangwa sima n'ibyuma, fibre inorganic cyangwa fibre organic. Ni ibikoresho bishya by'ubwubatsi bikozwe no gukwirakwiza fibre ngufi n'izito zifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura, uburebure bwinshi kandi zirwanya alkali nyinshi muri beto. Fibre iri muri beto ishobora kugabanya ivuka ry'imyanya mito ya mbere muri beto no kwiyongera kw'imyanya bitewe n'imbaraga zo hanze, igatsinda neza inenge zisanzwe nko kudakomera cyane, gucika byoroshye no kudacika intege kwa beto, kandi ikarushaho kunoza imikorere yo kudakomera, amazi adashobora kugwa, kurwanya ubukonje no kurinda beto imbaraga. Beto ikungahaye kuri fibre, cyane cyane beto ikungahaye kuri fibre steel, yakuruye ibitekerezo byinshi mu nzego z'ubushakashatsi n'ubuhanga mu by'ubuhanga ngiro kubera imikorere yayo myiza. 1907 Impuguke y'Abasoviyeti B П. Hekpocab yatangiye gukoresha beto ikungahaye kuri fibre steel; Mu 1910, HF Porter yasohoye raporo y'ubushakashatsi kuri beto ngufi ikungahaye kuri fibre, igaragaza ko fibre ngufi zigomba gukwirakwizwa neza muri beto kugira ngo ikomeze ibikoresho bya matrix; Mu 1911, Graham wo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yongeyemo fibre y'icyuma muri sima isanzwe kugira ngo yongere imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bya sima; Mu myaka ya 1940, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, Ubuyapani n'ibindi bihugu byari byarakoze ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku ikoreshwa ry'fibre y'icyuma kugira ngo byongere ubudahangarwa bw'ubudahangarwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'ubudahangarwa bwa sima, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora sima y'icyuma, no kunoza imiterere y'fibre y'icyuma kugira ngo byongere imbaraga zo guhuza fibre na sima; Mu 1963, JP romualdi na GB Batson basohoye inyandiko ku buryo bwo guteza imbere fibre y'icyuma, maze batanga umwanzuro w'uko imbaraga z'ubudahangarwa bwa fibre y'icyuma zigenwa n'intera y'ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma igira uruhare runini mu gukurura (ihame ryo gutandukanya fibre), bityo bigatangiza intambwe ifatika y'iterambere ry'iki gikoresho gishya. Kugeza ubu, hamwe no gukurura no gukoresha fibre y'icyuma, bitewe n'uburyo fibre ikwirakwira muri sima, hari ubwoko bune ahanini: fibre y'icyuma, fibre y'ubwoko butandukanye, fibre y'icyuma ifite ubudahangarwa na sima y'ubwoko butandukanye.
2. Uburyo bwo gukomeza sima ikoreshwa mu byuma bikonjesha fibre
(1) Inyigisho y’ubukanishi bw’ibice. Inyigisho y’ubukanishi bw’ibice ishingiye ku nyigisho y’ibice by’ubukanishi bikomeza kandi bihuzwa n’imiterere y’ibice by’icyuma bikwirakwira muri sima. Muri iyi nyigisho, ibice by’ubukanishi bifatwa nk’ibice bibiri by’ubukanishi, fibre ikaba igice kimwe na matrix ikaba ikindi gice.
(2) Inyigisho yo gutandukanya fibre. Inyigisho yo gutandukanya fibre, izwi kandi nka inyigisho yo kurwanya uduce duto, yatanzwe hashingiwe ku buryo bwo gucika kw'imitsi bugororotse. Iyi nyigisho ivuga ko ingaruka zo gukomeza fibre zifitanye isano gusa n'itandukaniro ry'imitsi rikwirakwira mu buryo bumwe (intera ntoya).
3. Isesengura ry'imiterere y'iterambere rya sima ikoreshwa mu byuma
1. Beto ikoreshwa mu byuma. Beto ikoreshwa mu byuma ni ubwoko bwa beto ikoreshwa mu byuma bisa kandi bifite icyerekezo kinini igizwe no kongeramo icyuma gito cya karuboni, icyuma kidashonga na FRP muri beto isanzwe. Ingano y'icyuma ivanze muri rusange ni 1% ~ 2% by'ingano, mu gihe fibre y'icyuma ya 70 ~ 100kg ivangwa muri buri metero kibe ya beto hakurikijwe uburemere. Uburebure bwa fibre y'icyuma bugomba kuba 25 ~ 60mm, umurambararo ukaba 0.25 ~ 1.25mm, kandi igipimo cyiza cy'uburebure n'umurambararo kigomba kuba 50 ~ 700. Ugereranyije na beto isanzwe, ntishobora kongera gusa imbaraga zo gukurura, gukata, guhinda, kwangirika no kwangirika, ahubwo inanongera cyane imbaraga zo gucika no kudakomera kwa beto, kandi ikongera cyane imbaraga zo kudakomera no kuramba kw'imiterere, cyane cyane imbaraga zishobora kwiyongeraho inshuro 10 ~ 20. Imiterere ya mekanike ya beto ikoreshwa mu byuma na beto isanzwe igereranywa mu Bushinwa. Iyo ingano y'icyuma iri hagati ya 15% na 20% n'igipimo cya sima y'amazi ari 0.45, imbaraga zo gukurura ziyongeraho 50% na 70%, imbaraga zo gukurura ziyongeraho 120% na 180%, imbaraga zo gukurura ziyongeraho inshuro 10 ~ 20, imbaraga zo gukurura ziyongeraho inshuro 15 ~ 20, imbaraga zo gukurura ziyongeraho inshuro 14 ~ 20, kandi imbaraga zo gukurura ziyongeraho inshuro 14 ~ 20, kandi ubushobozi bwo kwangirika nabwo burarushaho kwiyongera cyane. Kubwibyo, sima ikomeye ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza no gukora kurusha sima isanzwe.
4. Beto y'ibihumyo bya fibre
Amakuru y’ubushakashatsi ajyanye n’ibyo, agaragaza ko fibre y’icyuma idatera imbaraga zikomeye zo gukandagira kwa sima, cyangwa ngo inayigabanye; Ugereranyije na sima isanzwe, hari ibitekerezo byiza n’ibibi (ubwiyongere n’ubugabanuka) cyangwa se ibitekerezo biri hagati ku kudashira, kudashira, ingaruka no kudashira kwa sima ikoreshwa mu byuma no gukumira gucika kwa pulasitiki hakiri kare. Byongeye kandi, fibre ikoreshwa mu byuma ifite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, nko kuba ifite ingano nini, igiciro kiri hejuru, ingese ndetse no kudashira kw’umuriro, byagize ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ryayo ku rugero rutandukanye. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bamwe mu bahanga bo mu gihugu no mu mahanga batangiye kwita kuri fibre ikoreshwa mu byuma (HFRC), bagerageza kuvanga fibre zifite imiterere n’inyungu zitandukanye, kwigira hamwe, no guha umwanya "ingaruka nziza zo guhuza" ku nzego zitandukanye no mu byiciro bitandukanye kugira ngo bongere imiterere itandukanye ya sima, kugira ngo ihuze n’ibikenewe mu mishinga itandukanye. Ariko, ku bijyanye n'imiterere yayo itandukanye ya mekanike, cyane cyane uburyo ihindukamo umunaniro n'uburyo yangiritsemo umunaniro, amategeko agenga iterambere ry'imiterere y'imiterere n'imiterere y'ibyangiritse munsi y'imitwaro idahinduka n'ihindagurika hamwe n'imitwaro ihoraho cyangwa ihindagurika y'imiterere y'ikirere, ingano nziza yo kuvanga n'ingano y'ibice by'umunyururu, isano iri hagati y'ibice bigize ibikoresho bivanze, ingaruka zo kongera imbaraga n'uburyo bwo gukomeza, imikorere yo kurwanya umunaniro, uburyo bwo gutsindwa n'ikoranabuhanga mu bwubatsi, Ibibazo byo gushushanya igipimo cy'uruvange bigomba kwigwaho cyane.
5. Sima ikozwe mu byuma bikonjeshejwe n'imigozi
Sima ikungahaye kuri fibre monolithic ntabwo byoroshye kuyivanga neza, fibre yoroshye kuyivanga, ingano ya fibre ni nini, kandi ikiguzi ni kinini, bigira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ryayo ryagutse. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwinshi bw’ubuhanga n’ubushakashatsi bw’imitekerereze, hatanzwe ubwoko bushya bw’imiterere ya fibre y’icyuma, fibre ikungahaye kuri fibre y’icyuma (LSFRC). Fibre nke y’icyuma ikwirakwizwa neza ku buso bwo hejuru no hepfo bw’umuhanda, kandi hagati iracyari urwego rwa sima rusanzwe. Fibre y’icyuma muri LSFRC muri rusange ikwirakwizwa n’intoki cyangwa mu buryo bwa mashini. Fibre y’icyuma ni ndende, kandi uburebure bw’umurambararo muri rusange buri hagati ya 70 ~ 120, bigaragaza ko ikwirakwizwa mu buryo bubiri. Hatabayeho ingaruka ku miterere ya mashini, ibi bikoresho ntibigabanya cyane ingano ya fibre y’icyuma gusa, ahubwo binarinda ikintu cyo guteranya fibre mu kuvanga fibre y’icyuma. Byongeye kandi, aho urwego rwa fibre y’icyuma ruherereye muri sima rugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mbaraga za sima. Ingaruka zo gukomeza urwego rwa fibre y’icyuma ruri hasi ya sima ni zo nziza cyane. Aho urwego rwa fibre y’icyuma ruzamuka, ingaruka zo gukomeza zigabanuka cyane. Ingufu zo guhindagurika kwa LSFRC zirenze 35% ugereranyije n’iza sima isanzwe ifite igipimo kimwe cy’uruvange, ibyo bikaba biri hasi gato ugereranyije n’iza sima ikoreshwa mu byuma. Ariko, LSFRC ishobora kuzigama ikiguzi kinini cy’ibikoresho, kandi nta kibazo cyo kuvanga bigoranye. Kubwibyo, LSFRC ni ibikoresho bishya bifite inyungu nziza mu mibereho myiza no mu bukungu ndetse n’amahirwe menshi yo kubikoresha, bikwiye gukururwa no gukoreshwa mu bwubatsi bw’umuhanda.
6. Beto y'ibihuzwa bya fibre ivanze
Beto ikungahaye kuri fibre hybrid (LHFRC) ni ibikoresho bigizwe n'ibikoresho bigizwe no kongeramo fibre ya polypropylene ya 0.1% ishingiye kuri LSFRC no gukwirakwiza ku buryo bungana umubare munini w'imigozi ya polypropylene nto n'igufi ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura no kurekura cyane muri beto yo hejuru n'iyo hasi y'icyuma na beto isanzwe iri hagati. Ishobora gutsinda intege nke za beto isanzwe ya LSFRC no gukumira ibyago bishobora guterwa n'umutekano nyuma y'uko fibre yo hejuru y'icyuma ishaje. LHFRC ishobora kongera imbaraga za beto. Ugereranyije na beto isanzwe, imbaraga zayo zo gukurura za beto isanzwe ziyongeraho hafi 20%, kandi ugereranije na LSFRC, imbaraga zayo zo gukurura za beto ziyongeraho 2.6%, ariko ntacyo bigira ku buryo bwo gukurura za beto. Uburyo bwo gukurura bwa LHFRC buri hejuru ya 1.3% ugereranyije n'ubwa beto isanzwe na 0.3% munsi y'ubwa LSFRC. LHFRC ishobora kandi kongera cyane ubukomere bw'ingufu za sima, kandi igipimo cyayo cy'ubukomere bw'ingufu za sima gikubye inshuro 8 ugereranyije na sima isanzwe n'inshuro 1.3 ugereranyije na LSFRC. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'imikorere itandukanye y'imigozi ibiri cyangwa irenga muri LHFRC muri sima, hakurikijwe ibyo ikeneye mu buhanga, ingaruka nziza z'imigozi ya sima n'icyuma muri sima zishobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza cyane ubukomere, kuramba, gukomera, imbaraga z'imitsi, imbaraga z'ingufu za sima n'imbaraga zo gukurura ibikoresho, kunoza ubwiza bw'ibikoresho no kongera igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho.
——Ibikorwa (Shanxi yubatswe, Vol. 38, No 11, Chen Huiqing)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-24-2022